Title 40 · EPA

Textile Mills Point Source Category

40 C.F.R. Part 410 · Updated July 1, 2025

§ 410.00 — Applicability.

This part applies to any textile mill or textile processing facility which discharges or may discharge process wastewater pollutants to the waters of the United States, or which introduces or may introduce process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works.

§ 410.01 — General definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401, the following definitions apply to this part:

(a) Sulfide shall mean total sulfide (dissolved and acid soluble) as measured by the procedures listed in 40 CFR part 136.

(b) Phenols shall mean total phenols as measured by the procedure listed in 40 CFR part 136.

(d) The term commission finishing shall mean the finishing of textile materials, 50 percent or more of which are owned by others, in mills that are 51 percent or more independent (i.e., only a minority ownership by company(ies) with greige or integrated operations); the mills must process 20 percent or more of their commissioned production through batch, noncontinuous processing operations with 50 percent or more of their commissioned orders processed in 5000 yard or smaller lots.

(e) The term product, except where a specialized definition is included in the subpart, shall mean the final material produced or processed at the mill.

§ 410.02 — Monitoring requirements. [Reserved]

§ 410.10 — Applicability; description of the wool scouring subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: wool scouring, topmaking, and general cleaning of raw wool.

§ 410.11 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part, the following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) The term wool shall mean the dry raw wool as it is received by the wool scouring mill.

(b) The term oil and grease shall mean total recoverable oil and grease as measured by the procedure listed in 40 CFR part 136.

(c) The term commission scouring shall mean the scouring of wool, 50 percent or more of which is owned by others, in mills that are 51 percent or more independent (i.e., only a minority ownership by company(ies) with greige or integrated operations); the mills must process 20 percent or more of their commissioned production through batch, noncontinuous processing operations.

§ 410.12 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT):

(b) Additional allocations equal to the effluent limitations established in paragraph (a) of this section are allowed any existing point source subject to such effluent limitations that scours wool through “commission scouring” as defined in § 410.11.

§ 410.13 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT):

§ 410.14 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.15 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.16 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.17 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.20 — Applicability; description of the wool finishing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: wool finishers, including carbonizing, fulling, dyeing, bleaching, rinsing, fireproofing, and other such similar processes.

§ 410.21 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part, the following definition applies to this subpart:

(a) The term fiber shall mean the dry wool and other fibers as received at the wool finsihing mill for processing into wool and blended products.

(b) [Reserved]

§ 410.22 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(b) Additional allocations equal to the effluent limitations established in paragraph (a) of this section are allowed any existing point source subject to such effluent limitations that finishes wool or blended wool fabrics through “commission finishing” as defined in § 410.01.

§ 410.23 — Effluent limitation representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT):

(b) Additional allocations equal to the effluent limitations established in paragraph (a) of this section are allowed any existing point source subject to such effluent limitations that finishes wool or blended wool fabrics through “commission finishing” as defined in § 410.01.

§ 410.24 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.25 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.26 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.27 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.30 — Applicability; description of the low water use processing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: yarn manufacture, yarn texturizing, unfinished fabric manufacture, fabric coating, fabric laminating, tire cord and fabric dipping, and carpet tufting and carpet backing. Rubberized or rubber coated fabrics regulated by 40 CFR part 428 are specifically excluded.

§ 410.31 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part, the following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) The term general processing shall mean the internal subdivision of the low water use processing subcategory for facilities described in § 410.30 that do not qualify under the water jet weaving subdivision.

(b) The term water jet weaving shall mean the internal subdivision of the low water use processing subcategory for facilities primarily engaged in manufacturing woven greige goods through the water jet weaving process.

§ 410.32 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BPT):

§ 410.33 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

§ 410.34 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.35 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.36 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.37 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.40 — Applicability; description of the woven fabric finishing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: woven fabric finishers, which may include any or all of the following unit operations: Desizing, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, resin treatment, water proofing, flame proofing, soil repellency application and a special finish application.

§ 410.41 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part the following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) The term simple manufacturing operation shall mean all the following unit processes: Desizing, fiber preparation and dyeing.

(b) The term complex manufacturing operation shall mean “simple” unit processes (desizing, fiber preparation and dyeing) plus any additional manufacturing operations such as printing, water proofing, or applying stain resistance or other functional fabric finishes.

(c) For NSPS (§ 410.45) the term desizing facilities shall mean those facilities that desize more than 50 percent of their total production. These facilities may also perform other processing such as fiber preparation, scouring, mercerizing, functional finishing, bleaching, dyeing and printing.

§ 410.42 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section for commission finishing operations, the following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of woven fabrics through simple manufacturing operations employing a synthetic fiber or through complex manufacturing operations employing a natural fiber, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this section.

(c) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section for commission finishing operations, the following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of woven fabrics through simple manufacturing operations employing a natural and synthetic fiber blend or through complex manufacturing operations employing a synthetic fiber, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section for commission finishing operations, the following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of woven fabrics through complex manufacturing operations employing a natural and synthetic fiber blend, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this subpart.

(e) Additional allocations equal to the effluent limitations established in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section are allowed any existing point source subject to such effluent limitations that finishes woven fabrics through “commission finishing” as defined in § 410.01.

§ 410.43 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT):

§ 410.44 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.45 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.46 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.47 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.50 — Applicability; description of the knit fabric finishing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: knit fabric finishers, which may include any or all of the following unit operations: Bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, resin treatment, water proofing, flame proofing, soil repellency application and a special finish application.

§ 410.51 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part, the following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) The term simple manufacturing operation shall mean all the following unit processes: desizing, fiber preparation and dyeing.

(c) For NSPS (§ 410.55) the term hosiery products shall mean the internal subdivision of the knit fabric finishing subcategory for facilities that are engaged primarily in dyeing or finishing hosiery of any type.

§ 410.52 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(b) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section for commission finishing operations, the following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through simple manufacturing operations employing a natural and synthetic fiber or through complex manufacturing operations employing a synthetic fiber, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this section.

(c) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section for commission finishing operations, the following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the finishing of knit fabrics through complex manufacturing operations employing a natural and synthetic fiber blend, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) Additional allocations equal to the effluent limitations established in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section are allowed any existing point source subject to such effluent limitations that finishes knit fabrics through “commission finishing” as defined in § 410.01.

§ 410.53 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT):

§ 410.54 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.55 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.56 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.57 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.60 — Applicability; description of the carpet finishing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: carpet mills, which may include any or all of the following unit operations: Bleaching, scouring, carbonizing, fulling, dyeing, printing, resin treatment, waterproofing, flameproofing, soil repellency, looping, and backing with foamed and unfoamed latex and jute. Carpet backing without other carpet manufacturing operations is included in subpart C.

§ 410.61 — Specialized definitions.

In addition to the definitions set forth in 40 CFR part 401 and § 410.01 of this part, the following definitions apply to this subpart:

(a) The term product shall mean the final carpet produced or processed including the primary backing but excluding the secondary backing.

(b) The term simple manufacturing operation shall mean the following unit processes: fiber preparation and dyeing with or without carpet backing.

(c) The term complex manufacturing operation shall mean “simple” unit processes (fiber preparation, dyeing and carpet backing) plus any additional manufacturing operations such as printing or dyeing and printing.

§ 410.62 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(b) The following limitations establish the quantity or quality of pollutants or pollutant properties, controlled by this section and attributable to the manufacture of carpets through complex manufacturing operations, which may be discharged by a point source subject to the provisions of this subpart, in addition to the discharge allowed by paragraph (a) of this section.

§ 410.63 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following efflluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT):

§ 410.64 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.65 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subject must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.66 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.67 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.70 — Applicability; description of the stock and yarn finishing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from the following types of textile mills: Stock or yarn dyeing or finishing, which may include any or all of the following unit operations and processes: Cleaning, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and special finishing.

§ 410.71 — Specialized definitions. [Reserved]

§ 410.72 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

(b) [Reserved]

§ 410.73 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

§ 410.74 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.75 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.76 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.77 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.80 — Applicability; description of the nonwoven manufacturing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from facilities that primarily manufacture nonwoven textile products of wool, cotton, or synthetics, singly or as blends, by mechanical, thermal, and/or adhesive bonding procedures. Nonwoven products produced by fulling and felting processes are covered in subpart I—Felted Fabric Processing.

§ 410.81 — Specialized definitions. [Reserved]

§ 410.82 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT):

§ 410.83 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

§ 410.84 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.85 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.86 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.87 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]

§ 410.90 — Applicability; description of the felted fabric processing subcategory.

The provisions of this subpart are applicable to process wastewater discharges resulting from facilities that primarily manufacture nonwoven products by employing fulling and felting operations as a means of achieving fiber bonding.

§ 410.91 — Specialized definitions. [Reserved]

§ 410.92 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT).

Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT):

§ 410.93 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

§ 410.94 — Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).

Any existing source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.95 — New source performance standards (NSPS).

Any new source subject to this subpart must achieve the following new source performance standards (NSPS):

§ 410.96 — Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Any new source subject to this subpart that introduces process wastewater pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403.

§ 410.97 — Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved]